Mississippi River History Cruise - A Discussion with Professor Bill Green

Article by Becky Fillinger, photos provided

History classes are not always taught in classrooms – sometimes you might be lucky enough to learn on a riverboat! Join the National Park Service and the Mississippi Park Connection in a program led by special guest, Professor Bill Green, on the Mississippi River. We talked to Professor Green about the topic for the cruise - stories of Black Minnesotans whose lives took place along the Mississippi River in the 19th Century. The event takes place on August 10 – register here.

Professor GreenQ:  The promotional materials for your History Cruise note that you’ll cover “remarkable Black Minnesotans whose lives unfolded along the landscape of the Mississippi River.” Will you cover individuals (like Isabel Wilkerson did in her Pulitzer Prize winning book, The Warmth of Other Suns) or will you cover groups of Black people who lived near the river? If individuals, can you give us a teaser of who we’ll learn about?

A:  Wilkerson's powerful book is about a different time and, in a sense, place. My talk will focus on the stories of 19th century Blacks who escaped Southern slavery, to arrive in a place that was governed by powerful white men who were progressive in principle, but paternalistic in practice. Unlike those who Wilkerson examines who came North and formed large communities, my subjects came to very small communities of black Minnesotans who realized that there was a cost to being too noticeable, recognizing that in order to advance their rights, found guidance in the adage - two steps forward, one step backwards - making certain demands while avoiding seeming ungrateful. Theirs were lives that had to be experienced on a tightrope.

One example is Maurice Jernigan, who arrived in the 1850s from the South, a fugitive slave who used his skills as a barber to secure protection from white customers who tolerated slave catchers walking the streets of St. Paul. Another example is Robert Hickman, also a fugitive, who arrived in St. Paul in 1864. He and his group were met at the dock by a hostile gang of white laborers who repulsed their landing. Finally coming ashore at Fort Snelling, they came back to St. Paul to start a black church that exists to this day. William Taylor, another black barber, was "conductor" of the Underground Railroad that came to Minnesota via the Mississippi. A fourth person is Eliza Winston who was brought to Minnesota as one of several enslaved persons forced to accompany their enslavers who came as tourists. That kind of tourism thrived in Minnesota in the wake of the Dred Scott decision. These stories come from my books - Degrees of Freedom, The Origins of Civil Rights in Minnesota, 1865–1912 and The Children of Lincoln: White Paternalism and the Limits of Black Opportunity in Minnesota, 1860-1876 (2018), both of which received the Hognander-Minneapolis Book Awards. The Mississippi River, in each case, was crucial for these four African Americans to begin their respective Minnesota story.

Q:  I’m so excited for this new programming – history aboard a river cruise! Will your remarks be of interest to all age groups?

A: I think my remarks will be of interest to a wide range of listeners. 

Q: I think this is going to be a major hit – do you envision a follow-up cruise for the history buffs in the area?

A: I can imagine follow-up cruises to St. Anthony/Minneapolis and Stillwater.

In addition to learning about the lesser-known stories of the Mississippi, participants will enjoy wildlife and scenic sunset views. The cost is $20 for members, $25 for non-members. There will be a cash bar. Boarding begins at 6:45pm; boat leaves promptly at 7. Dieparture location is Watergate Marina, 2500 Crosby Farm Road, St. Paul, MN 55116

Learn more about becoming a member of the Mississippi Park Connection here.